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Architectural Overview - 6-layered Generic Biocomputer

Announcement of Significant Discovery in Cognitive Science - September 2014


Charles Dyer, an independent Australian researcher and alumnus of Flinders University of South Australia, has reverse-engineered our current state of knowledge on the brain and mind, and arrived at a surprising conclusion- the brain/mind is indeed a computer! Dyer's work, which was initiated in 2008 with the help of a couple of senior Flinders academic staff, is a mixture of metadata analysis (study of previous research) combined with a fresh 'take' on biocomputationalism (www.tde-r.webs.com) . He is keen to emphasize the historical component of his achievement, remarking that 'I rediscovered something that the American William T. Powers discovered in the 1970's, 40 years ago, and the Estonian, Jakob von Uexkull discovered 40 years before that. As far as our knowledge of our own mind goes, we are 80 years behind the eight ball. Lets hope I have better luck.'

His discovery consists of an integrated series of innovative solutions to the half-dozen supposedly intractable problems that characterize cognitive science over the last 150 years. These problems are notoriously hard to define, as well as interacting with each other. That is, the solution of any one of these problems depends in part on all of the others. To find a solution to one of them, you must find a (partial) solution to them all. For example, consider semantic grounding, or how we know the 'meaning' of what we see, hear and touch. This is conventionally modelled by a 'symbol system and a sensorimotor system that reliably connects its internal symbols to the external objects they refer to[1]'. Any classical treatment contains explanation at three levels- philosophical, scientific and engineering (http://chuckdemus.wix.com/chi-cog). However, without making use of C.S.Pierce's tripartite model of semiosis (construction of meaning), such analysis is anything but 'competent'. Also, without using fractal (scale-independent) structural models and non-Euclidean (subjective, projective) geometries, definitions like the Wikipedia entry above are inherently circular.

 

At the center of Dyer's system is a behavioural engine called the Tricyclic Differential Engine, or TDE. 'The TDE is a biologically plausible Turing Engine- it is the jewel in the crown of my discovery', he explains. As well as being a system model of each cerebral hemisphere at the function-block level, the TDE implicitly solves the dynamic aspect of the 'frame' problem, because it is a predictive robotics engine. Unattended movements 'keep on keeping on', and do not require explicit addressing, thus providing a sort of informational version of Newton's (first) law of inertia.

There are three sections to Dyer's research findings, with each section divided into two parts. The biorobotic TDE, and its knowledge-level version, the TDE-R, form the middle section, and are naturally labelled as 'mind'. All three sections are depicted in the figure above.

Dyer is surprisingly sanguine about the future of his discovery, in spite of being substantially[2] unpublished. "All that anyone who is curious (or skeptical) about my work needs to do is jump on the internet and check out my website(s). In a way, using free web hosting services to present research results represents a pragmatic realisation of the open-access, zero-barrier-to-entry knowledge publishing ideal". He harbours significant reservations about the entire 'journal system'. He is not alone, and likes to remind people of recent comments by Randy Schekman, a US biologist who won the Nobel prize in physiology or medicine this year. Schekman said pressure to publish in "luxury" journals like Nature, Cell and Science encouraged researchers to cut corners and pursue trendy fields of science instead of doing more important work. Therefore, his lab would no longer send research papers to these top-tier journals whose editors who were not active scientists but professionals who favoured studies that were likely to make a splash.

Dyer has had an ongoing email relationship with linguist Noam Chomsky for about 12 months. "Its weird, I remember saying to my partner after my Honours year that the only mentor I could imagine working with was Chomsky. Fast forward a few months, and, as if by magic, it happened". A significant part of Dyer's research is a reworking of Skinner's view of language, summarised by the title of his 1959 book 'Verbal Behaviour'. This (obviously) presents a potential problem when communicating with Chomsky, since it is Chomsky's debunking of Behaviorism in general, and Skinner's psychological weltanschung, in particular, which announced his (Chomsky's) spectacular entry into the world of high-profile scientific discussion.

It is the sheer range of Dyer's discoveries, in both depth and breadth, which at first blush seems so impressive. Dyer believes this perception is, unfortunately, one of the factors that sometimes works against him. "It is all just so <expletive> unbelievable- I'm the first to admit it. I'm my own worst critic and biggest skeptic- if you think about it, I have to be. Hardly anyone else has a clue what I'm talking about, and the few that do aren't talking. Modern cognitive psychology is, frankly, a disaster area, a broken science, because it has persistently failed to address the major issue, which is consciousness. Plus, there is the vexed issue of the bruised scientific ego. As Bernard Baars said recently, in an email reply- we just have to agree to disagree".


Dyer is proudest of his treatment of subjective experience, easily the most intractable of psychology's chronic problems. By squarely facing the interconnected problems of consciousness and volition (ie conation[3], desire, 'free will'), Dyer was able to arrive quickly at the design of the abstract machine which eventually became the TDE. "The key idea behind the TDE is that consciousness and volition are orthogonal measures, two independent but connected facets of the same mental process". This level of operationalisation[4] of perceptual concepts has never before been achieved. Without it, it is hard to imagine any viable physicalist interpretation of mentation. With it, the mapping of consciousness to control of sensory input, and volition to control of motor output, emerges almost instantly, naturally. After understanding how this operationalisation works, it is hard to imagine thinking otherwise.

1. Wikipedia: Symbol Grounding.

2. The abstract of his honours thesis was accepted for inclusion in WCCI2012, the World Conference for Computational Intelligence, held in Brisbane, Queensland.

3. With a single 'n': conation

4. See Percy Bridgeman (1927)

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